Joint Commands of the tri-services "EMPOWER IAS"

 

 

Context:

• The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Rawat said his office is working on a tentative timeline for the establishment of joint commands among the three defence services.
• With the creation of the CDS post on December 31, the government has set the ball rolling for bringing jointness and integration among the services.

 

What are joint commands?

• It is a unified command in which the resources of all the services are unified under a single commander looking at a geographical theatre.
• Meaning, a single military commander, as per the requirements, will have the resources of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force to manage a security threat.

 

Functions of joint command:

• The commander of a joint command will have the freedom to train and equip his command.
• He will have logistics of all the services at his beckoning.
• However, the three services will retain their independent identities as well.

 

Joint command at present:

• There are two tri-services commands at the moment.
• The joint command at the moment, the Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC), is a theatre command, which is headed by the chiefs of the three services in rotation. It was created in 2001 after a Group of Ministers had given a report on national security following the Kargil War.
• The Strategic Forces Command was established in 2006 and is a functional tri-services command.

 

What is the structure right now?

• There are 17 commands, divided among the three services.
• The Army and the Air Force have seven commands each, while the Navy has three commands.
• These commands report to their respective services, and are headed by three-star officers.
• Though these commands are in the same regions, but they are no located together.

 

Need for joint commands?

• The leader of a unified command has control over more varied resources, compared to the heads of the commands under the services now. And the officer commanding will have access to the Air Force’s fighter jets and can use them if needed. Through such integration and jointness the three forces will be able to avoid duplication of resources. The resources available under each service will be available to other services too. The services will get to know one another better, strengthening cohesion in the defence establishment.

 

Advantages of  joint commands

• One of the main advantages is that the leader of unified command has control over more varied resources, compared to the heads of the commands under the services now.
• For instance, the head of one of the proposed commands, Air Defence Command, will have under him naval and Army resources, too, which can be used as per the threat perception.
• And the officer commanding the Pakistan or China border will have access to the Air Force’s fighter jets and can use them if needed.
• However, that not all naval resources will be given to the Air Defence Command, nor will all resources of the Air Force come under another proposed command, Peninsula Command, for the coasts.
• The Peninsula Command would give the Navy Chief freedom to look at the larger perspective in the entire Indian Ocean Region in which China’s presence is steadily increasing.
• The other key advantage is that through such integration and jointness the three forces will be able to avoid duplication of resources.
• The resources available under each service will be available to other services too. The services will get to know one another better, strengthening cohesion in the defence establishment.

 

How many such commands are expected to roll out?

• While the number of commands India needs is still being studied, the CDS has envisaged that there could be between six to nine commands. It is not certain how many land-based theatre commands on the borders will come up.
• The CDS said it will be studied, and the study group will be given the options for creating two to five theatre commands.
• One possibility is to have single commands looking at the China and Pakistan borders respectively, as they are the two major threats.
• The other option is to have a separate command for the border in the J&K region, and another command looking at the rest of the western border.
• There could be independent commands looking at the border with China which is divided by Nepal.
• A proposed Logistics Command will bring the logistics of all the service under one person, and the CDS is also looking at a Training and Doctrine Command so that all services work under a common doctrine and have some basic common training.

 

Do militaries of other countries have such commands?

• Several major militaries are divided into integrated theatre commands.
• China’s People’s Liberation Army has five theatre commands: Eastern, Western, Northern, Southern and Central. Its Western Theatre Command is responsible for India.
• The US Armed Forces have 11 unified commands, of which seven are geographic and four functional commands. Its geographic commands are Africa, Central, European, Indo-Pacific, Northern, Southern and Space.
• Cyber, Special Operations, Transportation and Strategic are its functional commands.

 

Recent reforms in the Defense: 

Chief of Defense Staff

• The CDS is a high military office that oversees and coordinates the working of the three Services. It offers seamless tri-service views and single-point advice to the Executive.
• The CDS will also head the Department of Military Affairs (DMA) to be created within the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and function as its Secretary.
• He will be a four-star General office and would not be eligible to hold any government office after demitting the office of CDS.
• The CDS would come in the ambit of ‘Right to Information Act, in accordance with the provisions of the RTI Act, 2005.

 

Roles and responsibilities

• CDS will give single-point military advice to the government, bringing about jointness in “operations, logistics, transport, training, support services, communications, repairs and maintenance of the three Services and will act as the Principal Military Adviser to Defence Minister on all tri-Services matters.
• The CDS would not exercise any military command, including over the three Service Chiefs, so as to be able to provide impartial advice to the political leadership.
• The CDS would administer tri-Services organisations, agencies and commands related to Cyber and Space.
• The CDS will also be a member of the Defence Acquisition Council chaired by the Defence Minister and Defence Planning Committee chaired by the NSA and will also function as the ‘Military Adviser to the Nuclear Command Authority’.

 

Department of Military Affairs:

• It is headed by the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and work exclusively pertaining to military matters will fall within the purview of the DMA. Earlier, these functions were the mandate of the Department of Defence (DoD).